On the initial stage of the origin of the Turks and their DNA
Screex A stone sculpture of the Early Turkic period, 1300 years old, was found about 250 km from Turkestan in southern Kazakhstan (photo: AA) There is still no consensus among scientists…
Religious factor in Genghis Khan’s conquests
Since 1206, when the general Mongol hural on the bank of the river Onon proclaimed Temujin Genghis Khan, the lord of the world, and began the era of Mongol conquests,…
Timur’s Empire and the Timurids
Timur was not a descendant of Genghis Khan, but he came from the Mongolian tribe of Barlas on his father's side So, in the middle of 40th years of XIV…
Formation of Kazakh zhuzes and their further ethno-political fate
Zhuzes - three groups of tribes within the Kazakh nation historically formed at the turn of the XV-XVI centuries. There is still no unified scientifically grounded opinion about the origin…
Paitsza Uzbek Khan
Paitsza of Uzbek-khan against the background of Sarai-Batu The paizza of Uzbek Khan is unique, it was made from 1313 to 1341 during his reign. It is one of the…
Steppe Vendetta, or Mongols against the Kipchaks
Ibn al-Asir, a contemporary of the Mongol conquests, in his account of the first clash between the Mongols and the Kipchaks (1222) reports that Subedei-Bagatur and Dzhebe-noyon sent a letter…
Desht-i Kipchak, or Kipchak Khanate
The time and circumstances in which the term "Desht-i-Kypchak" appeared, which we have replaced with "Kypchak el" or "Kypchak Khanate", have always been ambiguously interpreted in historical literature. Some authors…
Kipchaks in the Caucasus: horses and Turks mixed in a pile
Relations with other peoples were, to put it mildly, unstable Yaroslav Pilipchuk continues his series of articles about key periods of Turkic history. Today's column of the Ukrainian historian in…
Nomads in early medieval Tokharistan
Tokharistan and the Middle Ages … At the end of the 4th century and the first quarter of the 5th century, under the onslaught of nomadic tribes - Ephthalites, Hionites,…
Where did the first war in human history take place?
It is likely that the first war in human history took place about five and a half thousand years ago. At that time, the city of Hamukar was wiped off…