After Saladin's death in 1193, his vast empire ceased to exist. The heirs of the great emir divided it among themselves, thus following the historical constant of the Middle East,…
The Foreign Legion is an ancient invention. Already the Romans of the Empire and the Chinese under the Younger Han dynasty replenished their troops with barbarian detachments, as the Romans…
The most magnificent palace festivities were held during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent Kanuni. But the most magnificent ceremony in the entire history of the Ottoman Empire is the…
EVICTION OF THE PADISHAH'S HAREM TO THE OLD PALACE The wives of the Padishahs, his children and djarie (slaves: odalisques and servants), in short, his family lived in an old…
THE TRAGEDY OF SHEHZADE, IMPRISONED WITHIN FOUR WALLS In the Ottoman state, the education of the Sultans and the ruling elite crystallized due to the heritage of Islamic culture and…
The great Uzbek poet Alisher Navoi was only eight years old when Ulugbek was killed near Samarkand. In his youth, Navoi went to Samarkand, because the fame of this city…
As we know, Genghis Khan was a pagan. Then he began to pray to Buddha, Jesus, and Allah, all at once, calling them to be his protectors. He was born…
From the very beginning, the Volga basin was the center of life of the rulers of the Golden Horde; moreover, the city of Bulgarians, the former capital of Volga Bulgaria…
It seemed that at first, the Kiyats in the Golden Horde were not very lucky, and they did not gain high positions and rich possessions. Only a few of them…
The supreme leadership of the Golden Horde Empire, as in other Mongol states, was in the hands of the ruler, the khan, who in his actions was guided theoretically only…
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