Genghis Khan was a great military commander and political leader who united many tribes in Mongolia and created the Empire of the Great Mongols. He became the first great khan of this empire and led his army to victories in many military campaigns.
He was initially known for his military abilities, tactical genius, and strategic thinking. Genghis Khan is known for his ability to unite various peoples and tribes. He created a unified and powerful empire that stretched from Eastern Europe to Asia.
However, in addition to military achievements, Genghis Khan proved himself to be a wise and just ruler. He introduced a number of political and social reforms that contributed to the prosperity of the empire. He was a patron of the sciences and arts, contributing to the development of culture and education.
Although Genghis Khan is often associated with military victories and conquests, his influence on history and culture is much broader. He played an important role in shaping the new geopolitical map of Eurasia and influenced many peoples and civilizations of his time.
To understand the ethnic nature of Genghis Khan, one must understand that Language is certainly an important component from the point of view of sacred and cultural identification.
Most historians believe that Genghis Khan spoke the ancient Mongol language of the XIII century.
From this language come:
* North Mongolian languages: Buryat, Kalmyk, Ordos, Oirat.
* South Mongolian languages:
* Mughal (Hazara) language in Afghanistan
L.N.Gumilev, for example, 100% considered the Mongols of the Genghis Khan era to be pure-blooded representatives of the Mongolian ethnic group and the ancestors of modern Khalkha Mongols.
Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev (September 18 (October 1), 1912, Saint Petersburg — June 15, 1992, there) was a Soviet and Russian scientist, writer and translator. Archaeologist, orientalist and geographer, historian, ethnologist, philosopher. The creator of the passionate theory of ethnogenesis
This is confirmed by the fact that the «Secret Legend of the Mongols» in the ancient Mongolian language was written in 1228. Almost immediately after the death of Genghis Khan.
At the same time, in the vast expanses of the Mongol Empire, the majority spoke the Turkic language as a lingua franca. After all, the Mongols were a minority compared to other peoples. Therefore, the Mongols, who did not yet have a rich culture, could not retrain the local ethnic groups into their own language. And they often switched to the Turkic language themselves.
In addition, the Mongols used the Uighur script in their office work. Which was owned by officials.
Also, the Mongols deliberately destroyed the tribal principle, mixing one clan with another, moving them thousands of kilometers from the places of former nomads. Not only ethnic groups were mixed, but also religion, language, technology and military methods.
Genghis Khan himself paid more attention than language to his position as a ruler. He had two banners:
1 black — Kara Sulde
2 white — Ciahan Sulde
Sacrifices of captured soldiers were performed in front of these banners. Thus, they were sprinkled with the blood of many batyrs, bagaturs and heroes. This, of course, served the authority of the personal Shaker of the Universe.
This was also prescribed in the Yas of Genghis Khan, where the murder of a Mongol was punishable by death. And killing a non-Mongol is only a fine. And even then it was different depending on the ethnic and religious affiliation of the victim.
Thus, Genghis Khan followed Mongolian criminal practices more.
If we follow the genetics of the Mongols, then haplogroup C is common among them. As with the Tungusic-Manchu peoples, the Nivkhs and the Kazakhs. But the Mongols have the most — 60%. Thus, the steppes of Mongolia are the ancestral homeland of haplogroup C carriers.
The Turks have the most widespread haplogroup R. At the same time, haplogroup C is most widespread among Kazakhs among the Kazakhs. At the same time, the Kazakh family has more Middle Eastern genes (descendants of the Prophet Muhammad).
Genetics and language should not be interfered with. Of course, we have a lot of descendants of Genghis Khan, descendants of his relatives, but Genghis Khan does not become Kazakh-speaking or Kazakh — Kazakh historian Zhaksylyk Sabitov
What united the Mongols and Turks was their belief in the Eternal Blue Sky — Tengri. The Mongols also revered the son of Heaven, Geser. The Turks revered the goddess of heaven Umai and the god Zher Suu (earth-water), who helped all worthy entities without ethnic division.
The Mongols also distinguish Mount Burkhan-Khaldun from geographical objects. However, its exact location has not yet been established. Approximately, in the area between the rivers Onon and Kerulen. The Borte-Chino (grey wolf) family and his wife Goa-Maral (beautiful fallow deer) roamed near the mountain. They are descended from Genghis Khan’s ancestor in the 12th tribe, Dobun-Mergen, who married Alan-Goa. From him she had two sons. But after his death, she gave birth to three more from a certain creature in the form of yellow light that penetrated to her through the chimney of the yurt.
Alan-goa with his sons. Miniature of the first half of the XV century
One of the three sons of Bodonchar became the founder of the Borjigin family. The family from which Genghis Khan came out.