The Huns — who are they and where have they disappeared to?
Screex Many people have heard about the Huns, because their invasion completely changed the way of life in Europe. They are often portrayed as ferocious barbarians who came from Asia, fierce…
Scythians — who are they, the rulers of the steppes of the Black Sea region?
Among the ancient nomadic peoples, the Scythians are among the most famous. They were belligerent and cruel, easily got involved in wars, and won many battles, terrifying the settled tribes.…
Saki — how did they differ from their nomadic neighbors?
In ancient times, the Saks were called in different ways. For example, Greek scientists called them Scythians, and in recent centuries the term “Aryans” has been widely used, referring to…
Initial information about the Sakas
The 8th-7th centuries BC were the time when the era of the discovery and widespread use of iron began for the tribes inhabiting the territory of Kazakhstan. Different regions have…
The riddle of the Codex Cumanicus
The antique collection of the National Marciana Library in Venice contains a medieval manuscript known in academic circles as the Codex Cumanicus. There are only 82 paper sheets in it.…
Timur’s Karasakpai Inscription
When Timur launched his campaign against the Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamysh and his troops reached the Ulug Tag area on Friday, the 23rd of the month of Jumadi, Timur ascended,…
The Kimak State of the 9th-11th centuries
The Kimak tribe lived on the territory of Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan during the advanced Middle Ages. Unfortunately, modern historians have few written sources about the origin of this tribe.…
Jochi Ulus in 1227-1255
After Jochi's death, his two sons Batu and Orda-edgen began to rule in the ulus, which actually divided Jochi's possessions among themselves. The division of possessions between Batu and Orda-egen…
A friend among strangers, a stranger among his own
"Symbolic battles" for "national heroes" between historiographies of different countries have long been known in history Moreover, supporters of different national schools a priori record these heroes in the camp…
Indian Cleopatra: The tragic fate of Razia, the only female Sultan
Razia Sultan gained fame as a shrewd and far-sighted ruler, having managed to make a huge contribution to the development of the Delhi Sultanate, however, despite all the achievements, the…