Initial information about the Sakas
Screex The 8th-7th centuries BC were the time when the era of the discovery and widespread use of iron began for the tribes inhabiting the territory of Kazakhstan. Different regions have…
The riddle of the Codex Cumanicus
The antique collection of the National Marciana Library in Venice contains a medieval manuscript known in academic circles as the Codex Cumanicus. There are only 82 paper sheets in it.…
Timur’s Karasakpai Inscription
When Timur launched his campaign against the Golden Horde Khan Tokhtamysh and his troops reached the Ulug Tag area on Friday, the 23rd of the month of Jumadi, Timur ascended,…
The Kimak State of the 9th-11th centuries
The Kimak tribe lived on the territory of Northern and Eastern Kazakhstan during the advanced Middle Ages. Unfortunately, modern historians have few written sources about the origin of this tribe.…
Jochi Ulus in 1227-1255
After Jochi's death, his two sons Batu and Orda-edgen began to rule in the ulus, which actually divided Jochi's possessions among themselves. The division of possessions between Batu and Orda-egen…
A friend among strangers, a stranger among his own
"Symbolic battles" for "national heroes" between historiographies of different countries have long been known in history Moreover, supporters of different national schools a priori record these heroes in the camp…
Indian Cleopatra: The tragic fate of Razia, the only female Sultan
Razia Sultan gained fame as a shrewd and far-sighted ruler, having managed to make a huge contribution to the development of the Delhi Sultanate, however, despite all the achievements, the…
The military art of the Oirats (Dzungars)
The Oirat conquests of the 17th century can be considered the third largest in scale after the Mongol conquests and the Turkic expansion of the 1st millennium. In the west,…
What happened to the state of the Oghuz Jabgu, the ancient state of Azerbaijanis, Turks and Turkmens?
The state of the Oguz jabgu (or Oguz El) arose after 766 and existed until the middle of the 11th century, before it was conquered by its neighbors, and the…
What happened to the Western Turkic Khaganate after the collapse of the unified state of the ancient Turks?
According to the Turkic-Mongolian tradition of the High and Late Middle Ages, power over the state was not inherited by the eldest son of the previous monarch, but by the…